Lobotomy is a neurosurgical procedure that involves severing connections in the brain’s prefrontal cortex, historically used to treat various mental disorders. The practice gained popularity in the mid-20th century but has since been largely discredited due to ethical concerns and the development of more effective psychiatric treatments. While it aimed to alleviate severe symptoms of mental illness, it often resulted in significant cognitive and emotional changes, leading to a decline in its acceptance and use in modern medicine. The procedure is now rarely performed and is considered a controversial chapter in the history of psychiatry.